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NoteVariables
- outcome: Variable in terms of which inequality is computed, either age-adjusted equivalized household disposable income, when available (in most cases), or age-adjusted equivalized household consumption expenditure.
- inequality: Gini index capturing the extent to which the outcome is unevenly distributed between individuals in the corresponding country-year. In the absence of negative incomes, values of the index theoretically lie between 0 (everyone has the same amount) and 1 (a single person has everything while everyone else has nothing).
- absolute_iop: Gini index of the counterfactual distribution in which only inequality due to circumstances (gender, race, parental occupation, etc.) remains.
- relative_iop: Share of inequality that can be predicted by inherited characteristics such as gender, race, parental occupation, etc.
- main_factor: Inherited characteristic contributing to the highest extent to ex-ante inequality of opportunity in the corresponding country-year.
- persistence: Correlation coefficient capturing the strength of the association between parents’ percentile income ranks and their children’s, from the bottom 1% to the top 1% of each generation’s income distribution.
NoteVariables
- outcome: Variable in terms of which inequality is computed, either age-adjusted equivalized household disposable income, when available (in most cases), or age-adjusted equivalized household consumption expenditure.
- gini: Gini index capturing the extent to which the outcome is unevenly distributed between individuals in the corresponding country-year. In the absence of negative incomes, values of the index theoretically lie between 0 (everyone has the same amount) and 1 (a single person has everything while everyone else has nothing).
- mld: Mean logarithmic deviation of the outcome. This measure of inequality is more sensitive than the Gini index to differences at the tails of the distribution. It equals zero in case of perfect equality but has no upper bound.
- iop_{ante|post}_{ctree|cforest|trafotree}_{gini|mld}_{abs|rel}: Inequality of opportunity (IOp) estimates based on different approaches. The complete names of these variables describe the estimation process according to the following modalities (see correspondence table below).
- Concept of inequality of opportunity (ex-ante or ex-post).
- Machine learning method used to isolate inequality that can be predicted by inherited circumsatances in the outcome distribution (conditional inference tree, forest, or transformation tree).
- Index used to quantify inequality in the counterfactual distribution (Gini or MLD).
- Whether inequality of opportunity is expressed in absolute terms or relative to the corresponding overall inequality index.
- main_factor: Inherited characteristic contributing to the highest extent to ex-ante inequality of opportunity in the corresponding country-year.
- iop_data: Household survey on which the above estimates were computed.
- persistence_ira: Intergenerational income rank association, i.e., correlation coefficient capturing the strength of the association between parents’ percentile income ranks and their children’s, from the bottom 1% to the top 1% of each generation’s income distribution.
- source_ira: Research paper which estimated the corresponding intergenerational income rank association.
- persistence_ige: Intergenerational income elasticity, i.e., slope from regressing children’s log income on their parents’ log income, capturing the expected percentage change in individuals’ income for a 1% increase in that of their parents.
- source_ige: Research paper which estimated the corresponding intergenerational income elasticity.
| Absolute | Relative | Absolute | Relative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ex-ante, Conditional inference tree | iop_ante_ctree_gini_abs | iop_ante_ctree_gini_rel | iop_ante_ctree_mld_abs | iop_ante_ctree_mld_rel |
| Ex-ante, Conditional inference forest | iop_ante_cforest_gini_abs | iop_ante_cforest_gini_rel | iop_ante_cforest_mld_abs | iop_ante_cforest_mld_rel |
| Ex-post, Transformation tree | iop_post_trafotree_gini_abs | iop_post_trafotree_gini_rel | iop_post_trafotree_mld_abs | iop_post_trafotree_mld_rel |